![]() After meeting Livia, he can’t get the curvy blonde out of his head. Trey loves his job as a trainer at Dom Fitness, but he’s a daddy without a bunny and it hurts his heart. A place like Dom Fitness is dangerous, and especially dangerous is the gorgeous personal trainer Trey with his entrancing green eyes and luscious muscles. Now, Dom Fitness has opened on her street, reminding her of every terrible thing her ex made her believe about herself. Livia’s back on her feet after a toxic dom/sub relationship that left her self-esteem in tatters. To learn more about how and for what purposes Amazon uses personal information (such as Amazon Store order history), please visit our Privacy Notice. You can change your choices at any time by visiting Cookie Preferences, as described in the Cookie Notice. Click ‘Customise Cookies’ to decline these cookies, make more detailed choices, or learn more. ![]() ![]() Third parties use cookies for their purposes of displaying and measuring personalised ads, generating audience insights, and developing and improving products. This includes using first- and third-party cookies, which store or access standard device information such as a unique identifier. If you agree, we’ll also use cookies to complement your shopping experience across the Amazon stores as described in our Cookie Notice. We also use these cookies to understand how customers use our services (for example, by measuring site visits) so we can make improvements. There are still many unanswered questions relating to DOMS, and many potential areas for future research.We use cookies and similar tools that are necessary to enable you to make purchases, to enhance your shopping experiences and to provide our services, as detailed in our Cookie Notice. Eccentric exercises or novel activities should be introduced progressively over a period of 1 or 2 weeks at the beginning of, or during, the sporting season in order to reduce the level of physical impairment and/or training disruption. Alternatively, exercises targeting less affected body parts should be encouraged in order to allow the most affected muscle groups to recover. Athletes who must train on a daily basis should be encouraged to reduce the intensity and duration of exercise for 1-2 days following intense DOMS-inducing exercise. Exercise is the most effective means of alleviating pain during DOMS, however the analgesic effect is also temporary. Cryotherapy, stretching, homeopathy, ultrasound and electrical current modalities have demonstrated no effect on the alleviation of muscle soreness or other DOMS symptoms. Similarly, massage has shown varying results that may be attributed to the time of massage application and the type of massage technique used. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have demonstrated dosage-dependent effects that may also be influenced by the time of administration. ![]() These compensatory mechanisms may increase the risk of further injury if a premature return to sport is attempted.A number of treatment strategies have been introduced to help alleviate the severity of DOMS and to restore the maximal function of the muscles as rapidly as possible. Alterations in muscle sequencing and recruitment patterns may also occur, causing unaccustomed stress to be placed on muscle ligaments and tendons. DOMS can affect athletic performance by causing a reduction in joint range of motion, shock attenuation and peak torque. However, an integration of two or more theories is likely to explain muscle soreness. Up to six hypothesised theories have been proposed for the mechanism of DOMS, namely: lactic acid, muscle spasm, connective tissue damage, muscle damage, inflammation and the enzyme efflux theories. The intensity and duration of exercise are also important factors in DOMS onset. Eccentric activities induce micro-injury at a greater frequency and severity than other types of muscle actions. DOMS is also common when athletes are first introduced to certain types of activities regardless of the time of year. DOMS is most prevalent at the beginning of the sporting season when athletes are returning to training following a period of reduced activity. The mechanisms, treatment strategies, and impact on athletic performance remain uncertain, despite the high incidence of DOMS. Symptoms can range from muscle tenderness to severe debilitating pain. Delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) is a familiar experience for the elite or novice athlete.
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